Adoption Studies: Adopted individuals are generally compared with nonadopted persons in a clinical or general population. They may also be compared to other members of their birth family who were no adopted, or other members of their adoptive family who were not adopted. These studies help to illustrate the impact of environment and heredity on the individual.
Temperamnet/Heritability: Temperament is no simply environmental, but gentic as well. Theorists Buss and Plomin concluded that the temperament trait has to be early appearing, relativiely stable/consistant, and heritable. It cannot be due to environment alone, but to genetics. It shows up in the individual early, has been inherited from parental genes, and is a characteristic that would be prevalent even if the environment had been different.
Genes and the Environment: Variation in a given trait is not due primarily to either genetics or environment, but is due to the interaction between genes and the environment.
Molecular Genetics: The field of biology and genetics that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level, employing methods of gentics and molecular biology. The studies show how genes are transferred from generation to generation, and allow genetic mutations to be studied and better understood. Molecular information is used to determine patterns of descent and the correct classification of organisms.
Parental Influence/Interference: Parental genes affect the genes of the offspring, and determine how the offspring will grow. Each parent has different traits, and depending on the dominant trait, the offspring will inheret those traits (only genes from one of the two sets of parental chromosomes are expressed in the offspring). This is due to 'imprints' laid down in the parental germ cells. Imprinted genes affect growth in the womb and behavior after birth. Faulty or mutated genes cause disturbances in behavior or growth.
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